A2 PE - Short Term Psychology

Complete the following questions:

Explain the effects on sporting performance caused by cognitive and somatic anxiety. (5)

The presence of others can either facilitate or inhibit an athlete's performance. Outline the theory of Evaluation Apprehension. (4)

Outline the  strategies of visualisation and imagery. Explain how each strategy can be used to help athletes prepare for elite sports competitions. (6)

A2 PE - Short Term Psych

Motivation vs Stress Control:

Motivation can be effected by confidence.

Bandura (1977) - Self Efficacy (self confidence is specific to a situation - can effect motivation)

Influenced by four factors:

Performance Accomplishments - past experiences

Vicarious Experiences - Performances observed before - watching others

Verbal/Social Persuasion - motivation from significant others

Emotional Arousal - how a performer feels about their level of arousal

Anxiety:

A natural reaction to a threat in the environment - fight or flight

Three dimensions:

Cognitive (mental) - worry about performance
Somatic (physiological) - symptoms including raised heart rate, increased perspiration, shortness of breath
Behavioural - tension and aggitation.

Two Types of Anxiety:

State Anxiety - specific to a particular role, place or level of competition
Trait Anxiety - a general and enduring feeling of apprehension

Causes?

Effects?

Theories?

Choking - inability to perform optimally due to anxiety

Strategies to prevent choking:

Cognitive - Mental Rehearsal - self talk/imagery
Coping Skills - Behavioural - Cue Utilisation (concentrate on relevant cues)
Cognitive and Somatic - Relaxation techniques - Yoga/breathing/music


Agression V Assertion:

Discuss as a group to come up with a definition of the term agression.

Can you find any suitable examples that could be used in an exam question?

What causes agressive acts in sport?

What's the difference between agression and assertion

External Influences

The Crowd Effect:

Social Facilitation - influence other people can have on performance (opponents/team mates/ spectators)

Social Inhibition - effect of audience on performer (arousal of performer/competitive drive/speed of performance)

Coping with crowds:

• Selective attention
• Visualisation
• Dominant responses - over learning
• Evaluation
• Simulation
• Stress management and relaxation

Evaluation Apprehension - Cottrell (1972) - where the performer feels the audience is judging/evaluating their performance.

A2 PE How not to Choke

A2 PE - Anxiety and Choking Rory McIlroy

AS PE - New footy rules!!

A2 PE - Anxiety

Anxiety:

A natural reaction to the threat in the environment - part of our preparation for flight or fight.

It has 3 dimensions:

Cognitive - worry and negative feelings about your own performance

Somatic - Physiological symptoms such as raised heart rate, increased perspiration, shortness of breath

Behavioural - experience tension, agitation and restlessness

Sports Performers can suffer from two types of anxiety linked to performance:

State Anxiety: situation specific and can be likened to a particular role (such as penalty taking), place or level of competition

Trait anxiety - which is a general and enduring feeling of apprehension.

A2 PE - Self Efficacy Judgements

Self Efficacy:

The basic idea behind the Self-Efficacy Theory is that performance and motivation are in part determined by how effective people believe they can be (Bandura, 1982; as cited in Redmond, 2010). The theory is clearly illustrated in the following quote by Mahatma Gandhi:

"If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning" - Mahatma Gandhi

 

Significant Others:

People who can have some influence over the performer

EG: Coach, Parent, Peer Athletes etc.

 

"People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it."

- Albert Bandura

A2 PE - Self Efficacy in PE

A2 PE - Self Efficacy, its role and sources

AS PE - The History of Competitive Sport

AS PE - Codification of Sport

http://prezi.com/89dschduvqab/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

AS PE - Codificiation

Hi All, Your starter task for today is to devise a new sport. You have 20 minutes to work on your own to devise a set of rules and a name for your sport. The rules of the game are entirely up to you. Give careful consideration to the following: what suface it is played on how big that surface is what equipment you need the number of players involved the length of the game how it is scored violations etc. Mr Wright