Motivation can be effected by confidence.
Bandura (1977) - Self Efficacy (self confidence is specific to a situation - can effect motivation)
Influenced by four factors:
Performance Accomplishments - past experiences
Vicarious Experiences - Performances observed before - watching others
Verbal/Social Persuasion - motivation from significant others
Emotional Arousal - how a performer feels about their level of arousal
Anxiety:
A natural reaction to a threat in the environment - fight or flight
Three dimensions:
Cognitive (mental) - worry about performance
Somatic (physiological) - symptoms including raised heart rate, increased perspiration, shortness of breath
Behavioural - tension and aggitation.
Two Types of Anxiety:
State Anxiety - specific to a particular role, place or level of competition
Trait Anxiety - a general and enduring feeling of apprehension
Causes?
Effects?
Theories?
Choking - inability to perform optimally due to anxiety
Strategies to prevent choking:
Cognitive - Mental Rehearsal - self talk/imagery
Coping Skills - Behavioural - Cue Utilisation (concentrate on relevant cues)
Cognitive and Somatic - Relaxation techniques - Yoga/breathing/music
Agression V Assertion:
Discuss as a group to come up with a definition of the term agression.
Can you find any suitable examples that could be used in an exam question?
What causes agressive acts in sport?
What's the difference between agression and assertion
External Influences
The Crowd Effect:
Social Facilitation - influence other people can have on performance (opponents/team mates/ spectators)
Social Inhibition - effect of audience on performer (arousal of performer/competitive drive/speed of performance)
Coping with crowds:
- Selective attention
- Visualisation
- Dominant responses - over learning
- Evaluation
- Simulation
- Stress management and relaxation
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