AS PE Lifelong Involvement

AS PE Lifelong Involvement from Mick Wright

A2 PE - Visual Awareness and Decision Making

Visual Awareness:

Task 1: Discuss what contributes to Visual Awareness and Decision Making and suggest sports where this is most/least relevant.

Task 2: Visual Memory game

http://www.allaboutvision.com/sportsvision/skills.htm

Task 3: Visual Concentration and Reaction Equipment/Set-up:

Three balls or objects with different colors or colored markings. There will be a tactical response for each color. Perform practice drills linking color to tactical response.

Variations: Begin by presenting colors/responses in predictable pattern, vary color presentation, and change color/response designations.

Task 3: Define the following Key Terms:

Scanning
Cue
Channel Capacity

Perception

Peripheral Vision

The ability to perceive actions from the corner of their eyes

Give an example of how this may be used in your sport?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcnLJ_-y76o

Depth Perception

The ability to see down field and judge how far away targets/performers/objects are.

Give an example of how this may be used in your sport?

Acuity

Seeing things clearly and sharply

What do you think is the difference between STATIC and DYNAMIC acuity and give sporting examples of each.

A2 PE Long Term Psych

Chapter 6 long term psych from Mick Wright

A2 PE - Short Term Psychology

Complete the following questions:

Explain the effects on sporting performance caused by cognitive and somatic anxiety. (5)

The presence of others can either facilitate or inhibit an athlete's performance. Outline the theory of Evaluation Apprehension. (4)

Outline the  strategies of visualisation and imagery. Explain how each strategy can be used to help athletes prepare for elite sports competitions. (6)

A2 PE - Short Term Psych

Motivation vs Stress Control:

Motivation can be effected by confidence.

Bandura (1977) - Self Efficacy (self confidence is specific to a situation - can effect motivation)

Influenced by four factors:

Performance Accomplishments - past experiences

Vicarious Experiences - Performances observed before - watching others

Verbal/Social Persuasion - motivation from significant others

Emotional Arousal - how a performer feels about their level of arousal

Anxiety:

A natural reaction to a threat in the environment - fight or flight

Three dimensions:

Cognitive (mental) - worry about performance
Somatic (physiological) - symptoms including raised heart rate, increased perspiration, shortness of breath
Behavioural - tension and aggitation.

Two Types of Anxiety:

State Anxiety - specific to a particular role, place or level of competition
Trait Anxiety - a general and enduring feeling of apprehension

Causes?

Effects?

Theories?

Choking - inability to perform optimally due to anxiety

Strategies to prevent choking:

Cognitive - Mental Rehearsal - self talk/imagery
Coping Skills - Behavioural - Cue Utilisation (concentrate on relevant cues)
Cognitive and Somatic - Relaxation techniques - Yoga/breathing/music


Agression V Assertion:

Discuss as a group to come up with a definition of the term agression.

Can you find any suitable examples that could be used in an exam question?

What causes agressive acts in sport?

What's the difference between agression and assertion

External Influences

The Crowd Effect:

Social Facilitation - influence other people can have on performance (opponents/team mates/ spectators)

Social Inhibition - effect of audience on performer (arousal of performer/competitive drive/speed of performance)

Coping with crowds:

• Selective attention
• Visualisation
• Dominant responses - over learning
• Evaluation
• Simulation
• Stress management and relaxation

Evaluation Apprehension - Cottrell (1972) - where the performer feels the audience is judging/evaluating their performance.

A2 PE How not to Choke

A2 PE - Anxiety and Choking Rory McIlroy

AS PE - New footy rules!!

A2 PE - Anxiety

Anxiety:

A natural reaction to the threat in the environment - part of our preparation for flight or fight.

It has 3 dimensions:

Cognitive - worry and negative feelings about your own performance

Somatic - Physiological symptoms such as raised heart rate, increased perspiration, shortness of breath

Behavioural - experience tension, agitation and restlessness

Sports Performers can suffer from two types of anxiety linked to performance:

State Anxiety: situation specific and can be likened to a particular role (such as penalty taking), place or level of competition

Trait anxiety - which is a general and enduring feeling of apprehension.

A2 PE - Self Efficacy Judgements

Self Efficacy:

The basic idea behind the Self-Efficacy Theory is that performance and motivation are in part determined by how effective people believe they can be (Bandura, 1982; as cited in Redmond, 2010). The theory is clearly illustrated in the following quote by Mahatma Gandhi:

"If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning" - Mahatma Gandhi

 

Significant Others:

People who can have some influence over the performer

EG: Coach, Parent, Peer Athletes etc.

 

"People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it."

- Albert Bandura

A2 PE - Self Efficacy in PE

A2 PE - Self Efficacy, its role and sources

AS PE - The History of Competitive Sport

AS PE - Codification of Sport

http://prezi.com/89dschduvqab/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

AS PE - Codificiation

Hi All, Your starter task for today is to devise a new sport. You have 20 minutes to work on your own to devise a set of rules and a name for your sport. The rules of the game are entirely up to you. Give careful consideration to the following: what suface it is played on how big that surface is what equipment you need the number of players involved the length of the game how it is scored violations etc. Mr Wright

A2 PE - The Role of National Agencies

Task 1 (30 mins):

Taking one of the following countries each as an example, using the internet research whether they are centralised or decentralised systems and give evidence to support your findings.

India - Harley
New Zealand - Becca
South Africa - Obaid
France - Clara

(We looked at UK, Australia and USA previously)

Task 2 (20 mins):

Read and discuss the article below relating to Centralised v Decentralised structures in business. Then draw up a list of advantages of both with regards to a countries sporting organisation.

A2 PE - Centralised v Decentralised

CENTRALISED & DECENTRALISED ORGANISATIONS IN BUSINESS

In a centralised organisation head office (or a few senior managers) will retain the major responsibilities and powers. Conversely decentralised organisations will spread responsibility for specific decisions across various outlets and lower level managers, including branches or units located away from head office/head quarters. An example of a decentralised structure is Tesco the supermarket chain. Each store of Tesco has a store manager who can make certain decisions concerning their store. The store manager is responsible to a regional manager. 

 

Centralised and Decentralised Combined

Organisations may also decide that a combination of centralisation and decentralisation is more effective. For example functions such as accounting and purchasing may be centralised to save costs. Whilst tasks such as recruitment may be decentralised as units away from head office may have staffing needs specific only to them.  

Vertical Decentralisation

Certain organisations implement vertical decentralisation which means that they have handed the power to make certain decisions, down the hierarchy of their organisation. Vertical decentralisation increases the input, people at the bottom of the organisation chart have in decision making.  

Horizontal Decentralisation

Horizontal decentralisation spreads responsibility across the organisation. A good example of this is the implementation of new technology across the whole business. This implementation will be the sole responsibility of technology specialists

Advantages of Centralised Structure For Organisations	Advantages of Decentralised Structure For Organisations
Senior managers enjoy greater control over the organisation.	Senior managers have time to concentrate on the most important decisions (as the other decisions can be undertaken by other people down the organisation structure.
The use of standardised procedures can results in cost savings.	Decision making is a form of empowerment. Empowerment can increase motivation and therefore mean that staff output increases.
Decisions can be made to benefit the organisations as a whole. Whereas a decision made by a department manager may benefit their department, but disadvantage other departments.	People lower down the chain have a greater understanding of the environment they work in and the people (customers and colleagues) that they interact with. This knowledge skills and experience may enable them to make more effective decisions than senior managers.
The organisation can benefit from the decision making of experienced senior managers.	Empowerment will enable departments and their employees to respond faster to changes and new challenges. Whereas it may take senior managers longer to appreciate that business needs have changed.
In uncertain times the organisation will need strong leadership and pull in the same direction. It is believed that strong leadership is often best given from above.	Empowerment makes it easier for people to accept and make a success of more responsibility.

A2 PE - Defining Exercise Physiology

A2 PE - Sports Nutrition - Who Delivers?

A2 - The trainer wear test - Podiatry (+playlist)